Situated on steep slopes, montane and watershed forest are especially important in ensuring water flow and inhibiting erosion. yet, during the 1980s, montane formations suffered the highest deforestation rate of tropical forest.when the forest are cut down, less moisture is evapotranspired into the atmosphere resulting in the formation of fewer rain clouds. subsequently, there is a decline in rainfall, subjecting the area to drought. today madagascar is largely a red, treeless, desert from generations of forest clearing with fire. river flows decline and smaller amounts of quality water reach cities and agricultural lands. colombia, one second in the world with freshwater reserves, has fallen to 24th due to its extensive deforestation over the past 30 years. excessive deforation around the malaysia capital of kuala lumpur, combined with the dry conditions created by el nino, triggered strict water rationing in 1998, and for the first time the city had to import water.there is serious concern that widespread deforestation could lead to a significant decline in rainfall and trigger a possive-feedback process of increasing dessication for neighboring forest cover. the newly dessicated forest becomes prone to devastating fires. such fires materialized in 1997 and 1998 in conjuction with the dry conditions created by el nino. millions of acres burned as fires swept throughout indonesia, brazil, colombia, central america, florida, and other places. the woods hole research center warned that more than 400,000 square kilometers of brazilian amazone were highly vurnerable to fire in 1998.the following will certainly occur if the rate of deforestation increasingly takes place, except