Jawaban:

Objects in the Universe attract each other

Penjelasan dengan langkah-langkah:

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that objects in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Separately showed that mass is spherical symmetrically attracted as if all mass were concentrated in their centers.) This is a general law of physics derived from an empirical observation that Isaac Newton called induction.[1] it is part of classical mechanics and was formulated in Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("the Principia"), first published on July 5, 1687. (When Newton's book was presented in 1686 to the Royal Society, Robert Hooke claimed that Newton obtained the inverse of the quadratic law. of it.) In modern parlance, this law states that:

Each point mass attracts every other point mass by a force along the intersection of the two points. The force is directly proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them:

{\displaystyle F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}}\ }{\displaystyle F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r ^{2}}}\ },

where:

F is the force between the masses,

G is the gravitational constant,

m1 is the mass of the first object,

m2 is the mass of the second object, and

r is the distance between the center of the object.

Diagram of two masses attracting one another

Using SI units, F is measured in newtons (N), m1 and m2 in kilograms (kg), r in meters (m), and the constant G is approximately equal to 6.674×10−11 N m2 kg−2. The value of the constant G was first accurately determined from the Cavendish experiment by the English scientist Henry Cavendish in 1798, although Cavendish did not calculate a numerical value for G.[2] This research was also the first test of Newton's theory of gravity between masses in the laboratory. It was 111 years after the publication of Newton's book "Principia" and 71 years after Newton's death, so none of Newton's formulas used the value of G; instead he could only calculate strength relative to other forces.

Newton's law of gravity resembles Coulomb's law of electric strength, which is used to calculate the magnitude of the electric force between two charged objects. Both are inverse-squares laws, where the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between objects. Coulomb's law has the product of two charges on the product of mass, and the electrostatic constant on the gravitational constant.

Newton's laws have been superseded by Einstein's general theory of relativity, but continue to be used as an excellent approximation of the effects of gravity. Relativity is necessary only when there is a need for extreme precision, or when dealing with very strong gravitational fields, such as those found in very large and dense bodies, or at very close distances (such as Mercury's orbit around the sun)