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In chemistry, ionic compounds are chemical compounds composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces called ionic bonds. This compound is neutral as a whole, but consists of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions. Each of the ions can be a simple ion such as sodium (Na +) and chloride (Cl−) in sodium chloride, or a polyatomic species such as the ammonium ion (NH +

4) and carbonate (CO2−

3) in ammonium carbonate. Each ion in an ionic compound usually has several closest neighbors; in other words, not arranged in molecules, but arranged in a continuous three-dimensional network; this is usually in a crystal structure. Ionic compounds have long had a variety of uses and applications. Many minerals are ionic compounds.  Humans have been processing table salt (sodium chloride, an ionic compound) for more than 8000 years, initially as a food spice and preservative, and now it is also used in factories, in agriculture, in water conditioning, to melt ice on roads in winter. , and many other uses.  Many ionic compounds are so commonly used by society that they are known by common names unrelated to their chemical identities. Examples include borax, calomel, milk of magnesia, muriatic acid, vitriol oil, saltpeter, and slaked lime.  

Soluble ionic compounds such as salt can easily produce electrolyte solutions. This is a simple way to control ion concentration and strength. Solute concentration affects many colligative properties, including increasing the osmotic pressure, lowering the freezing point and raising the boiling point.  Since the solute is a charged ion, the solution's electrical conductivity also increases. This increased ionic strength reduces the thickness of the electric bilayer around the colloidal particles, and also the emulsion and suspension stability.

The chemical identity of the ion to be added is also important in many uses. For example, a compound containing fluoride is dissolved to supply fluoride ions in water fluoridation.  

Solid ionic compounds have long been used as paint pigments, and are resistant to organic solvents, but sensitive to acidity or alkalinity.  Since 1801 pyrotechnicians have described and widely used metal-containing ionic compounds as color sources in fireworks.Under intense heat, electrons in metal ions or small molecules can be excited. These electrons then return to a lower energy state, releasing light with a spectrum of colors that is characteristic of the species they contain.  

In chemistry, ionic compounds are often used as precursors for the synthesis of high-temperature solids.  

Among the most abundant metals in the Earth's crust, many are found in ores which are ionic compounds.  To obtain the elements, these ores are processed by smelting or electrolysis, which involves a redox reaction (often with a reducing agent such as carbon) so that the metal ions gain electrons to become neutral atoms.

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