Past Simple and Present Perfect

1. I have never seen that movie.
2. Ida arrived in Bogor a week ago.
3. My best friend and I have known each other for over 15 years.
4. She has written 10 awesome short stories in the past year.
5. I haven't hadthis much fun since Iwas a kid.
6. Things have changed a great deal at Quadra. When we first started working here three years ago, the company only had six employees. Since then, we have expanded to include more than 2000 full-time workers.
7. I told him to stay in the path while he was hiking, but he wanderedoff andgot lost!
8. Listen, Lanny. I don't care if you missed the bus this morning. You have been late to school too many times.
9. [...], so he has never seen the ocean.
10. Gina [had] dreamt of going to Bali before she married, but she didn't make it. She had never seen the beach until after her wedding.

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Explication

Past simpleadalahtensedanaspect yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi/keadaan yang dimulai dan selesai di masa lalu.

Konstruksi kalimat yang menggunakan past simple:

Subject + preterite (v₂)

Penanda past simple antara lain:

• yesterday
• last ...
• ago ...
• just now
• this morning
• etc.

Present perfectadalahtensedanaspect yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi/keadaan yang dimulai di masa laludanmasih terjadi sekarang, hasilnya dirasakan sekarang, atau belum selesaidanakan terjadi lagi.

Konstruksi kalimat yang menggunakan present perfect:

Subject + have/has + past particple (v₃)

Penanda present perfect antara lain:

• since ...
• for ...
• never
• ever
• already
• just
• yet
• so far
• all morning
• recently
• nowadays
• etc.

Bandingkan kalimat-kalimat berikut:

1. He was married (dia sudah tidak lagi menikah).
2. He has been married (dia sudah dan masih menikah).
3. He has been married five times (dia sudah, masih, dan mungkin akan menikah lagi).

#10

untuk soal ini, kita tidak menggunakan present perfect, melainkan past perfect. Past perfect digunakan untuk aksi/keadaan yang terjadi sebelum kejadian lain di masa lampau.

Contoh:

The fire had goneout before the fire departmentcame. / Api telah padam sebelum pemadam kebakaran datang (dulu).

Sekarang perhatikan soal #10

Gina (dream) of going to Bali before she married. / Gina bermimpi pergi ke Bali sebelum dia menikah.

Menikahnya lampau (married -v₂). Jadi, mimpi pergi ke Bali terjadi sebelum lampau, past perfectataupast simple juga boleh.

She (never see) the beach until after her wedding. / Dia tidak pernah melihat pantai sampai setelah pesta/akad pernikahannya.

Dari kalimat sebelumnya kita tahu menikahnya lampau maka pesta pernikahannya juga lampau. Jadi, tidak pernah melihat lautnya seharusnya dalam past perfect karena lebih dulu dari pesta/akad pernikahannya.

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Pelajari lebih lanjut:

• Past Simple-yomemimo.com/tugas/21843406
• Present perfect-yomemimo.com/tugas/15279381
• Past Simple vs Present Perfect-yomemimo.com/tugas/21975848

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Details

Year: 9

Subject: English

Category: Grammar - Tenses

Sub-category: Past, present and future tenses

Code: 9.5.5

Keywords: past simple, Present perfect