It has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning ofthe Pilocene Age, a horse, about midway through its evolutionary development,

crossed a land brigde where the Bering Straits are now located, from Alaska into

the grasslands of Europe.

The horse was the Hipparion, about the size of a modern-day pony with three

toes and specialized cheek teeth for grazing.

In Europe the Hipparion encountered another less advanced horse, called the

Anchitheres, which had previously invaded Europe by the same route, probably

during the Miocene Period.

Less developed and smaller than the Hipparion , the Anchitheres was completely

replaced by it.

By the end of Pleistocene Age both the Anchitheres and the Hipparion had

become extinct in North America, where they had originated. In Europe they had

evolved into an animal very similar to the horse as we know it today.

It was the descendant of this horse that was brought by the European colonists

to the America.




13 Which of the following conclusions may be made on the basis of information in

the passage?

A The Hipparion migrated to Europe to feed in developing grasslands.

B There are no fossil remains of either the Anchitheres or the Hipparion.

C There were horses in North America when the first European colonists arrived.

D Very little is known about the evolution of the horse.


14 According to this passage, th Hipparions were


A Five-toed animals

B Not as highly developed as the Anchitheres

C Larger than the Anchitheres

D About the size of a small dog


15 Both the Hipparion and the Anchitheres

A Were the size of a modern pony

B Were native to North America

C Migrated to Europe in the Pliocene Period

D Had unspecialized teeth


16 A monk lives in a .

A Covent

B Monastery

C Cell

D Palace​