Ki Hajar DewantaraHis real name is Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat. He was born on May 2nd, 1889, in Yogyakarta. His father was called Pangeran Soerjaningrat, from Pakualam Palace. Yogyakarta. As a part of an aristocratic family, Soewardi was quite free to enjoy his education. He had studied in Europeesche Lagere School (same level as Elementary School), Kweekschool, and School Tot Opleidong Van Indische Artsen or STOVIA. His recognition in the world of education was extraordinary. He always thought that education was one of the most important factors in freeing the Indonesian people of their sufferings from colonization. He never considered that his aristocracy was important, instead he took off his aristocracy and changed his name to Ki Hajar Dewantara. He did that because he wanted to bring himself closer to the people.

On July 13th, 1913, when he was 24 years old, Ki Hajar was arrested by Netherlands' soldiers because he made a publication about his article which was titled Als Ik Eens Nederlander Was (If I Am A Netherlander) in 'De Express' media. In this article, Ki Hajar Dewantara wrote that if he was a Netherlander, he would give his colonies freedom. He had to appear before a Netherlands' court. He. did that with calm and full of spirit. On July 3rd, 1922, Ki Hajar (as sparker of ideas) and with his friends in Sloso Kliwonan Association, established the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Tamansiswa, or "Taman Siswa". This school was opened to Indonesian people who wanted to study. Ki Hajar Dewantara had three important principles, when he put into operation his schools, of which there were 129 branches in Indonesia. His principles were Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo (in front gives examples), Ing Madyo Mangun Karso (in the middle builds up the spirit), and Tut Wuri Handayani (from behind supervises). To this day, these wise principles are still a guiding principle and an orientation in the world of Indonesian education. He got appreciation as "Bapak Pendidikan Indonesia" because of his ideas in the world of education. His opinions were modern although he lived in colonial times (difficult times). He always thought that everybody had the right to get an education. He was chosen also as Minister of Indonesian Education under President Soekamo's administration.

1. What is the writer's intention in writing the text?

2. What is the topic of the text?

3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

4. Why did RM. Soewardi Soerjaningrat change his name to Ki Hajar Dewantara?

5. What happened to Ki Hajar after he wrote an article titled "If I am a Netherlander"? 6. Why could Suwardi enjoy the education?

7. What does the word "arrested" have similar meaning to?​