Orientation/ OpeningAmelia Earhart's plane vanished somewhere over the Pacific in July 1937. More than eight decades later, the quest to find her remains an obsession.

A series of Events
In 1937, Amelia Earhart set out to become the first woman to fly around the world, a grueling 29,000-mile eastbound journey that roughly followed the Equator. A failed attempt in March damaged her plane, but after repairs, she and her navigator, Fred Noonan, departed from Oakland, California, on May 21. After 22,000 miles, 40 days, and more than 20 stops, they arrived in Lae, on the eastern coast of Papua New Guinea. On the morning of July 2, Earhart and Noonan began what was expected to be the hardest leg of their trip: to Howland Island, a 1.5-mile-long coral atoll in the central Pacific Ocean. More than 2,500 miles of ocean stretched between Lae and the remote spit of land that was their next stop to refuel. After hours of flight, during their final approach to Howland, Earhart radioed the Itasca, a United States Coast Guard cutter anchored off Howland's coast. Nearing the tiny Pacific atoll, she contacted the Itasca to ask it to guide her onto land with radio signals. "KHAQQ (the Lockheed Electra 10E's call sign) calling Itasca: We must be on you but cannot see you gas is running low... been unable to reach you by radio ...we are flying at 1,000 feet." The ship was receiving her transmissions-at one point the signal was so strong that the ship's radio operator ran to the deck to search the skies for Ear-hart's plane-but the signals the ship returned did not reach Earhart and Noonan. who were flying unguided above the clouds. A series of Events Earhart's last confirmed message indicated that she was flying on a northwest-to-southeast navigational line that bisected the island, but she did not indicate in which direction she was heading. After that communication at 8:43 AM, the radio contact was lost, and no one knows what happened next. The Electra never made it to Howland Island, and a massive search failed to find any sign of the missing aviator and her plane. Two weeks later, the United States declared Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan lost at sea.

Reorientation
The US government's official position is that the Electra, unable to establish radio contact with the Itasca, ran out of fuel and crashed into the ocean.

Questions

4. What tense is used in the text? why is it so?

5. What temporal conjunctions are used in the text? ​