Mother: My child has cough, fever and shortness of breath, is there a possibility that he has pneumonia?

Doctor: Could be. Cough and fever are the two main early symptoms of pneumonia. Other symptoms include weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, headache, muscle aches and shortness of breath. Pneumonia can strike at any time, often preceded by a cold or upper acute respiratory tract infection (ARI). If you are in doubt, immediately consult a doctor. Some cases of pneumonia are mild, but can turn serious.

Mother: How many types of pneumonia are there?

Doctor: Pneumonia is part of an acute respiratory infection (ARI) which initially starts from the upper part (throat) and then spreads to the lungs which can be caused by various organisms. Babies may be exposed to Streptococcus hemolyticus bacteria from the birth canal at birth which can cause pneumonia. Meanwhile, in older babies and toddlers, pneumonia is caused by bacteria and viral infections.

Based on the cause, pneumonia is divided into 2, namely:

- Pneumonia caused by bacteria with sudden symptoms, such as high fever, shortness of breath, cough, vomiting and diarrhea. Other symptoms are no appetite, weakness and looking very lethargic. The child may have breathing problems, a faster pulse, and the nails and lips may appear bluish. Symptoms that rarely appear are abdominal pain and stiff neck. In addition to streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and mycoplasma bacteria are also the cause of this type of pneumonia.

- Pneumonia caused by a virus begins with cold or flu symptoms, then slowly but surely the symptoms worsen. Children will have a fever over 38.5°C with a cough that gets worse, wheezing and rapid breathing, weakness, vomiting or diarrhea. Viruses that attack are usually respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza (flu virus), parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and rhinovirus.

Mother: How to diagnose pneumonia?

Doctor: Initially the doctor will monitor the child's breathing rate and hear the sound of his lungs through a stethoscope. If the doctor suspects that your child has pneumonia, he or she will confirm the diagnosis by performing an x-ray (X-ray) of the chest, blood tests and a test for nasal discharge.

Mother: How is it handled?

Doctor: For pneumonia caused by bacteria, the doctor will prescribe medication in the form of antibiotics and may be given a cool mist humidifier. However, viral pneumonia cannot be treated with antibiotics. So the treatment is to get enough rest and consume lots of fluids. Fluids are very important to prevent dehydration, fever and shortness of breath that often arise from complications of pneumonia. If he is restless and uncomfortable, you can give him acetaminophen (paracetamol) or ibuprofen for a child over 6 months old. If your child needs to be hospitalized for bacterial pneumonia, he or she will be given fluids and antibiotics through an IV. The nurse will also give fluids through the nose on a regular basis and monitor the level of oxygen in the blood through an oximeter. To help him breathe, your little one is also given oxygen, through a nose tube or a mask. Most cases of pneumonia clear up within a week, but the cough can last for weeks.

Pembahasan:

Percakapan di atas tentang pneumonia antara seorang ibuyang mencurigai anaknya terkena pneumonia dan menanyakannya kepadaseorang dokter.

Pneumonia adalah penyakit infeksi yang menyerang paru-paru sehingga menyebabkan peradangan dan pembengkakan pada kantung udara (alveoli) pada paru-paru. Kondisi kesehatan ini sering disebut dengan paru-paru basah karena paru-paru bisa terisi air atau lendir.

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