Did you know about the Java War? The Java War is also known as Diponegoro War The war began in Yogyakarta, between 1825 and 1830. It was one of the most important turning points in the political history of the nineteenth-century Java and Javanese history as a whole. The war determined the increasing glory of Java's colonial government and the inevitable retrenchment of local powers. Orientation/ Opening t C Ad jav The problems started when a long-standing conflict between the elites of the Yogyakarta Sultanate of Central Java became more heated as a transition of heir occurred during the British interregnum. The reappointed Sultan Hamengkubuwono II, after being forced to resign by the French-Dutch representative, enjoyed only one year of rule. The British then appointed a new sultan, Hamengkubuwono III, in 1812 and banished Hamengkubuwono II to the Island of Penang, off the coast of the Malay Peninsula. At the same time, the introduction of a land-tax system by Stamford Raffles (1781-1826), along with the government's practice of administering tollgates by subcontracting through three to four Chinese tax-farmers, created more tension because the abuses of the traditional services system by local Javanese officials had continued. People were further impoverished by various kinds of indirect taxes that were monopolized by Chinese bookies., Goldsmiths, coppersmiths, copper.workers, and even the owners of Javanese musical orchestran, for example, had to pay an annual tax to the banke, or they were sent to jail In the beginning of 1825, the policies of the colonial and saltanate elite did Increasing damage to Diponegoro. For example the government placed poles to designate the location of a planned new road that passed directly through Diponegird's property without hits permission. The event resulted in a spontaneous mobilization of people to defend Diponegoro's rights in mid-july 1025 Battles between the Dutch army, supported by local rulers, against the supporters of Diponegore took place over a wide area that extended beyond the borders of Yogyakarta, especially in the areas around the Minoreh Mountains Kedhi, Hagelen, and Banyumas The widespread support of the Javanese people for Diponegoru could not be underestimated Although the Islamic groups became bis main supporters, the largest war in Java's history also involved many other groups, from farmers to A Series of Events noblemen, from clergy to bandits. Furthermore, the soldiers called to the field of battles did not consist of men only, many of Diponegore's troops were women, and it is known that at least one of his daughters became a commandant By mid-1829, all of Diponegoro's most important supporters-Dullah Haji Abdulkadio Pangeran Bel, Pangeran Joyokusumi, Pangeran Adikusuma, and Raden Basah Prawindirje-had either been captured or had surrendered. Diponegoro decided to stop the war in February 1830, and he commenced with negotiation Diponegins was invited to the Dutch resident's house in Magelang on March B 1830. He was captured on March 20, 1830 during the negotiations and was exiled to Manado, North Siilawest. Diponegoro was later transferred to Makassar, South Sulawest, where he remained until his death on January 1855. During his years of exile, Diponegoro produced many works of literature on Java and Islam. The Java War caused the victims of more than 200,000 javanese. Meanwhile the Dutch lest more than IL000 European soldiers and 7,000 local soldiers, and not less than twenty million guiders were spent to finance the five-year war From the Javanese perspective, the Diponegoro War was the end of the Javanese effort to combat the colonial intervention and restore the greatness of Java, greatness tattered since the coming of the Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC, oe Dutch East India Company) Thereafter, the Javanese struggle wat sporadically disconnected from the activities in its center of power, The war can also be seen as the first major war against the Dutch involving Reorientation Javanese leaders who were motivated by social and economic reasons, rather than the usual dynastic reasons that had caused earlier conflicts in Java, After the Diponegoro War, the kingdom and society of Java become a highly dependent subject of the colonial realm, not only politically, but also socially, economically, and culturally Questions: 1. Why is the text written? 2. What does the structure of the text consist of? 3. How is the event written in the text? 4. What tense is used in the text? Why is it su? 5. What temporal conjunctions are used in the text? ​