Higher Education (HE) lecturers teach academic and vocational subjects to undergraduate and postgraduate students aged 18 upwards. They work in universities and in some colleges of further education. Teaching methods include lectures, seminars, tutorials, practical laboratory demonstrations, field work and e-learning. Multimedia technologies are being increasingly used. HE lecturers also pursue their own research to contribute to the wider research activities of their department/institution. Many aims to have their research published, either in the form of a book or scholarly article, and this can help raise the profile of their employing HE institution. mana yang di maksud nouse dari teks di atas? ​​