A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30 5 meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore.These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes af tectonic plate boundaries When the ocean floor al a plate boundary rises or falls suddenly, it displaces the water above it and launches the rolling waves that will become a tsunami.

Most tsunami, about 80 percent happen within the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire" a geologically active area where tectonic shifts make volcanoes and earthquakes common.

Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions They may even be launched, as they frequently were in earth's ancient past, by the impact of a large meteorite sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an hour about as fast as plunging into an ocean.

Tsunamis race across the a jet airplane At that pace they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day And their long wavelengths mean they lose very little energy along the way.

A tsunami's frough the low point beneath the wave's crest, often reaches shore first When it does, il produces a vacuum effect that sucks coastal water seaward and exposes harbor and sea floors This retreating of sea water is an important warning sign of a tsunami, because the waves crest and its enormous volume of water typically hit shore five minutes or so later. Recognizing this phenomenon can save lives.

A tsunami is usually composed of a series waves, called a wave train, so its destructive force may be compounded as successive waves reach shore People experiencing a tsunami should remember that the danger may not have passed with the first wave and should await official word that it is safe to retum to vulnerable locations Some tsunamis do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a quickly surging tide that inundates coastal areas.

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