3 Questions 13-21 In the winter of 1848, James Marshall, a carpenter from New Jersey, wa John Sutter to build a sawmill in Coloma in eastern California. On January covered gold on the mill grounds. He took his find to Sutter, who attempt Line news a secret and made his hired hands promise not to divulge it. Howey (5) Brannan, a shrewd San Francisco businessman, who owned a general stor of Sutter's mill, saw potential for profit. In the spring, after hearing the rur storekeeper in Coloma, Brannan hastily traveled to the Sacramento Valley widely disseminated the news about the untold riches in the diggings. The first new arrivals assumed that the story of the gold was a hoax, an (10) curiosity seekers. However, within weeks, scores of city dwellers began to and boats to reach the Coloma fort, and in subsequent months, rumors sp the coast of California, across the Mexican border, and to Hawaii. In easte press published reports of miners who struck it rich overnight so vast wer gold deposits. Between 1848 and 1851, in all, around half a million fortun (15) around the globe descended on California to pursue instant wealth and th one of the largest migrations in history.. A GA The accounts of the Sutter Mill deposits were not entirely untruthful. In 1848, President James Polk confirmed the news about the California gold Congress, and the message was picked up by press agencies worldwide. (20) Niners, as the prospectors came to be known, made their journey in vain gold-bearing quartz ran 100 miles wide along the Sierra Nevada mountain stretched from La Porte to Mariposa. During the initial stages of the Gold $300 to $400 a day were not infrequent, and by the end of 1849, nearly S of deposits had been excavated. However, as competition for land claims (25) and profits began to drop off, and ore nuggets and dust began to disapp- streambeds and ravines. As mining operations became more laborious, in tors were replaced by large commercial ventures, when groups of miners penniless counterparts to divert and dry up rivers with strategically positi canals. The gold rush of 1849 was followed by the next wave of migrant (30) Klondike region in Yukon Territory in mid-1897 to recover the gold at th rivers. 13. The word "contracted" in line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) empowered (B) employed (C) emboldened (D) embodied 14. According to the pass- initially instrumental in of Coloma gold? • (A) A carpenter (B) A mill owner (C) À merchant (D) A business operat​