The human brain, with an average weight of 1.4 kilograms, is the control center of the body. It receives information from the senses, processes the information, and rapidly sends out responses; it also stores the information that is the source of human thoughts and feelings. Each of the three main parts of the brain-the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem-has its own role in carrying out these functions. The cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts, taking up 85 percent of the brain by weight. The outside layer of the cerebrum, the cerebral cortex, is a grooved and bumpy surface covering the nerve cells beneath. The various sections of the cerebrum are the sensory cortex, which is responsible for receiving and decoding sensory massages from throughout the body; the motor cortex, which sends action instructions to the skeletal muscles; and the association cortex, which receives, monitors, and processes information. It is in the association cortex that the processes that allow humans to think take place.The cerebellum, located below the cerebrum in the back part of the skull, is made of masses of bunched up nerve cells. It is the cerebellum that controls human balance, coordination, and posture.

The brain stem, which connects the cerebrum and the spinal cord, controls various body processes such as breathing and heartbeat. It is the major motor and sensory pathway connecting the body and the cerebrum.


22.What is the author’s main purpose?
answer choices
(A) To describe the functions of the parts of the brain
(B) To explain how the brain processes information
(C) To demonstrate the physical composition of the brain
(D) To give examples of human body function

23.The word “stores” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to?
answer choices
(A) Shops
(B) Processes
(C) Releases
(D) Stockpiles

24.The passage states that the most massive part of the brain is the?
answer choices
(A) Cerebrum
(B) Cerebellum
(C) Cerebral cortex
(D) Brain stem

25.The “cerebral cortex” in paragraph 1 is?
answer choices
(A) A layer of the brain beneath the cerebrum
(B) A layer of nerve cells in the brain
(C) A part of the brain that makes up 85 percent of the brain
(D) A ridged layer covering the cerebrum in the brain

26. The sensory cortex is.....
answer choices
(A) Senses that massages should be sent out to the muscles
(B) Provides a surface covering for nerve cells
(C) Is where the human process of thinking occurs
(D) Receives and processes information from the senses

27.The word “monitors” in paragraph 1 closest in meaning to which of the following?
answer choices
(A) Keeps track of
(B) Keeps hold of
(C) Gets away with
(D) Gets rid of

28.Which of the following is true about the cerebellum?
answer choices
(A) It is located above the cerebrum.
(B) It controls breathing.
(C) It is responsible for balance.
(D) It is the outside layer of the cerebrum.

29.What shape does the brain stem most likely have?
answer choices
(A) Small and round
(B) Long and thin
(C) Large and formless
(D) Short and flat



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