I17/50
Questions 11-19
John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Line Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to end in 1819 when
(10) he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began seriously to pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike water colors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1639, and his fame and fortune were ensured.
Acoording to the passage , audubon's paintings​