Reported Speech

1. She said that I could borrow her book.
2. She said that they would do their job that day.
3. He said that he hadn't missed me.
4. John asked if I wanted to meet him.
5. Nia wanted to know how I solved the problem.
6. Dini asked if I was happy then.
7. She asked me to leave her alone.

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Explanation

Reported speechatau kalimat tidak langsung adalah kalimat yang melaporkan apa yang diucapkan orang lain tidak secaraverbatim dan tanpa merubah makna dari kalimat yang dilaporkan.

Sebuah kalimat tidak langsung terdiri dari:

• Reporting clause. E.g. He says, She asked, etc.
• Reported clause. E.g. That he ..., If you ...

Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam membuat kalimat tidak langsung:

1. perubahan kata ganti.

Orang pertama (I / we) selalu mengacu pada subjek dari reporting clause.

Contoh:

Tom said, "I love swimming."

Tomsaid thathe loved swimming.

☞ I = Tom → he

Orang kedua (you) selalu mengacu pada objek (yang diajak bicara) dari reporting clause.

Contoh:

I said, "I love you, Tom."

I said that I loved Tom.

☞ You = Tom

2. Perubahan tense.

Jika reporting verb dalam past (e.g. said, asked, etc.) terjadi backshift dalam reported clause.

Backshift adalah perubahan kata kerja di mana tense mengalami kemunduran.

• present → past
• past → past perfect
• will → would
• can → could
• must → had to

Contoh:

I said, "We canandwill succeed, therefore we musttry and we nevergive up."

I said that we couldandwould succeed, therefore we had totry and we nevergave up.

3. Perubahan kata-kata tertentu.

• Now → then
• Today → that day
• Tomorrow → the following / the next day
• Tonight → that night
• Yesterday → the previous day / the day before
• Last ... → the previous ... / the ... before
• Next ... → the next / the following ...
• This → that
• These → those
• Here → there

Contoh:

I said, "I am in Florida now. Last yearI was in Texas andnext year I will be in New Mexico."

I said that I was in Florida thenandthe previous yearI had been in Texas andthe following year I would be in New Mexico.

4. Bentuk kalimat dalam reported clause.

• declarative → that + declarative

Contoh:

I say "I love swimming."

I say that I love swimming.

• interrogative → if / whether + + declarative

question word + interrogative → question word + declarative

Contoh:

I ask, "do you like swimming?"

I want to know if you like swimming.

I asked, "what do you enjoy doing?"

I wanted to know what you enjoyed doing.

• imperative → to + infinitif

Contoh:

He said, "close the door."

He told me to close the door.