1. What is the topic and topic sentence of each text below?a. Scientists have learned to supplement the sense of sight in numerous ways. In front

of the tiny pupil of the eye they put, on mount Palomar, a great monocle 200 inches

in diameter, and with it see 2000 times farther into the depths of space. Or they look

through a small pair of lenses arranged as a microscope into a drop of water or blood,

and magnify by as much as 2000 diameters the living creatures there, many of which

are among man’s most dangerous enemies. Or, if we want to see distant happenings

on earth, they use some of the previously wasted electromagnetic waves to carry

television images which they re-create as light by whipping tiny crystals on a screen

with electrons in a vacuum. Or they can bring happenings of long ago and far away as

colored motion pictures, by arranging silver atoms and color-absorbing molecules to

force light waves into the patterns of original reality. Or if we want to see into the

center of a steel casting or the chest of an injured child, they send the information on

a beam of penetrating short-wave x rays, and then convert it back into images we can

see on a screen or photograph. Thus almost every type of electromagnetic radiation

yet discovered has been used to extend our sense of sight in some way.

b. Water is the most precious elixir the mankind possesses. For centuries, it has been

easily accessible and thus its importance has been underestimated. Water helps in

most of the processes going on in human body.

It is clearly quintessential for the humans. But it is also of prime importance to

the other organisms present in our biosphere, namely trees and vegetation, birds,

animals and insects. Today, enormous land masses face water scarcity. Clean, potable

water is now a luxury instead of necessity in many regions. Therefore, as the most

intelligent species living on earth, every individual should strive to realize the

importance of this elixir and partake in efforts to conserve it.

c. Independence Day is a National Festival of India celebrated on 15th of August every

year. India became a free country on this day and it’s only then we could secure our

democratic rights as citizens of India. Our Independence gives us the reason to enjoy

our fundamental rights laid down by the constitution. We are now a self-governed

democratic country and have the voting rights. The feeling of self-reliance and

freedom fills the heart of the citizens with supreme happiness and joy. It is all due to

the tireless efforts and numerous sacrifices of several great people who sacrificed

their lives without any fear.

d. We have many different activities to do. Our activities make up our work. Our state of

mind and attitude regarding our work can make all the difference. If we work

grudgingly and with complaints we neither enjoy the work we do nor do we get the

desired results easily or soon.

It is when we engage in worship that our mind is in a state of reverence, love,

purity, simplicity and honesty. When we bring these qualities to the work we do, we

treat work as worship. When we work with dedication and sincerity we can easily

meet our targets.​