Jawaban:

Flood

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.The European Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water. In the sense of “flowing water”, the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide.

Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river, lake, or ocean, in which the water overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual boundaries, or it may occur due to an accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an areal flood. While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, these changes in size are unlikely to be considered significant unless they flood property or drown domestic animals.

Floods can also occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While riverine flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce Some floods develop slowly, while others such as flash floods, can develop in just a few minutes and without visible signs of rain. Additionally, floods can be local, impacting a neighborhood or community, or very large, affecting entire river basins.

Terjemahan

Banjir  

Banjir adalah limpahan air yang submerges tanah yang biasanya kering. Direktif UniEropa (UE) banjir mendefinisikan banjir sebagai penutup oleh air tanah yang tidak biasanya ditutupi oleh air. Dalam arti “air mengalir”, kata juga dapat diterapkan ke aliran air pasang.

Banjir dapat terjadi karena limpahan air dari badan air, seperti sungai, Danau, atau laut, di mana air overtops atau istirahat tanggul, mengakibatkan beberapa air melarikan diri batas-batasnya biasa, atau mungkin terjadi akibat akumulasi air hujan di jenuh tanah di areal banjir. Sementara ukuran sebuah danau atau badan air lainnya akan bervariasi dengan perubahan musiman pada curah hujan dan salju mencair, perubahan dalam ukuran tidak dianggap signifikan kecuali mereka banjir properti atau tenggelam hewan domestik.

Banjir juga dapat terjadi di Sungai bila laju aliran melebihi kapasitas saluran sungai,terutama di tikungan atau meander di Selat Malaka. Banjir sering menyebabkan kerusakan rumah dan bisnis jika mereka di dataran banjir Sungai alami. Sementara Sungai banjir kerusakan dapat dihilangkan dengan bergerak dari sungai-sungai dan badan-badan air, orang-orang tradisional telah tinggal dan bekerja di tepi sungai karena tanah biasanya datar dan subur dan karena Sungai menyediakan perjalanan yang mudah dan akses ke perdagangan dan industri.

Banjir beberapa mengembangkan lambat, sementara yang lain seperti banjir bandang, dapat mengembangkan hanya dalam beberapa menit dan tanpa tanda-tanda hujan. Selain itu, banjir dapat lokal, berdampak sebuah lingkungan atau komunitas, atau sangat besar, mempengaruhi seluruh daerah sungai.